Sending and Receiving an Email

The person sending a postal mail usually writes or types it and puts it in the envelope having the recipient's postal address. The software that enables the email system to run smoothly, i.e. the email software, has two parts. One that runs on the client (user's) PC known as email client software and the other that runs on the email server, called as email server software. For writing an email, the sender runs email client software on his computer. The email client software is a program that allows the user to compose an email and specify the intended recipient's email address. The composing part is very similar to simple word processing. It allows features such as simple text to be typed in, adjusting the spacing, paragraphs, margins, fonts and different ways of displaying characters (e.g. bold, italics, underlining, etc.). The email is composed using this software, which asks for the address of the recipient. The user types it in. The email client software knows the sender's address anyway. Thus, a complete message with the sender's and the recipient's addresses is created and then sent across.

Using the recipient's email address, the email travels from the source to the email server of the source, and then to the recipient's email server of course, through many routers. As we know, again the underlying protocol used is TCP/IP. This means that the bits in the contents of the email (text, image, etc.) are broken down into packets as per TCP/IP format and re assembled at the recipient's end. In between the nodes, the error/flow control and routing functions are performed as per the different protocols of different networks. The TCP/IP software running on the email server ensures the receipt of the complete email message. This server also has to have a part of the email server software, which manages the email boxes for different clients. After receiving the message, this software deposits it in the appropriate mailbox. When the recipient logs on to the server, the message is transferred to his computer. The recipient also to have email client software application running on his computer. It is used to read the received ,'email, and reply if necessary. The receiver can also forward the email thus received to other users of email anywhere on the Internet, or he can delete it. All this is done by using the email client software on the recipient's computer. Obviously, as this software also allows replying to the message, it also has to have the word processing capabilities.

Thus, the email software itself is divided into two parts: client portion and server portion. The client portion allows you to compose a message, forward it, reply to a message and also display a received message. The server portion essentially manages the mailbox to store the messages temporarily and deliver them when directed.

Each company normally installs an email server, using which, all the employees can communicate with each other, and also with the outside world. Alternatively, most of the ISPs provide the email service, who then have to take care of email server hardware and software. Apart from this, there are organizations like Yahoo, Hotmail, etc. who create a large pool of servers, with the server part of email software. Now, you can communicate with anyone freely on the Internet using their services. Why does Yahoo do this? Because Yahoo feels that many people will subscribe to Yahoo, due to its free email service, and then while sending/receiving emails, will also see the advertisements displayed. Yahoo, in turn, gets the money from the advertisers, who want to advertise on the Yahoo Web site, due to its large number of subscribers. It is exactly like TV channels and their advertisements.

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